In 2025, fire departments serving Birmingham responded to 2,939 fire and hazmat incidents — from cooking fires to gas leaks to a single $1.0M building blaze. Here's the full picture.
Building fires lead by count. Building fires lead by dollars. Together the top five categories make up about 54% of all calls.
Jan peaks. May dips. Watch for the typical fall climb starting in October.
9,742 incidents 2021–2025. Peak year was 2025. $66.7M cumulative property loss. 4 civilian deaths.
| Year | Incidents | YoY | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021* | 381 | — | |
| 2022* | 1,055 | — | |
| 2023 | 2,712 | — | |
| 2024 | 2,655 | -2.1% | |
| 2025 | 2,939 | +10.7% |
* Well below Birmingham's usual volume. That almost always means one or more departments didn't submit a full year to NFIRS, not that fires dropped, so no year-over-year change is shown for it.
For the 524 building fires Birmingham departments responded to in 2025, here's how they were classified once investigators were finished.
NFIRS Area of Origin (AREA_ORIG) for the 3,998 building fires investigators classified across 2021–2025. The room or location where ignition occurred — kitchens, bedrooms, exterior, vehicle areas — tells you where to focus prevention.
| # | Area of origin | Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Undetermined | 1,280 | 32.0% | |
| 2 | Engine area, running gear, wheel area | 418 | 10.5% | |
| 3 | Other | 319 | 8.0% | |
| 4 | Cooking area, kitchen | 284 | 7.1% | |
| 5 | Outside area, other | 272 | 6.8% | |
| 6 | Vehicle area, other | 123 | 3.1% | |
| 7 | Open area - outside; included are farmland, field | 123 | 3.1% | |
| 8 | Wildland, woods | 98 | 2.5% | |
| 9 | Bedroom - < 5 persons; included are jail or prison | 90 | 2.3% | |
| 10 | Common room, den, family room, living room, lounge | 60 | 1.5% | |
| 11 | All other areas | 931 | 23.3% |
NFIRS Heat Source (HEAT_SOURC) — the physical thing that started it. Spark or ember from operating equipment, an open flame, smoking materials, or hot embers from a fireplace are the leading culprits nationwide. Here's the Birmingham mix.
| # | Heat source | Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Undetermined | 2,477 | 62.0% | |
| 2 | Heat source: other | 328 | 8.2% | |
| 3 | Heat from powered equipment, other | 186 | 4.7% | |
| 4 | Hot or smoldering object, other | 132 | 3.3% | |
| 5 | Radiated, conducted heat from operating equipment | 109 | 2.7% | |
| 6 | Arcing | 109 | 2.7% | |
| 7 | Hot ember or ash | 99 | 2.5% | |
| 8 | Spark, ember or flame from operating equipment | 91 | 2.3% | |
| 9 | Heat from other open flame or smoking materials | 43 | 1.1% | |
| 10 | Radiated heat from another fire | 43 | 1.1% | |
| 11 | All other sources | 381 | 9.5% |
Largest single-incident property losses reported by Birmingham departments in 2025. These 8 fires alone account for 18% of the city's annual total.
| # | Property loss | Type | Severity | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $1,000,000 | Fires in structures other than in a building | Major | Investigated |
| 2 | $1,000,000 | Road freight or transport vehicle fire | Major | Investigated |
| 3 | $500,000 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
| 4 | $500,000 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
| 5 | $500,000 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
| 6 | $500,000 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
| 7 | $400,000 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
| 8 | $399,999 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
Per-capita rates let us compare apples to apples. Birmingham sits above the national average for incidents per resident.
31 fire-related casualties recorded in NFIRS Module 11 across the 2021–2025 window. Age, gender, and severity are coarse-binned — no individual identification possible.
| Age | Count | |
|---|---|---|
| 0-9 | 0 | |
| 10-19 | 3 | |
| 20-29 | 5 | |
| 30-39 | 7 | |
| 40-49 | 6 | |
| 50-59 | 3 | |
| 60-69 | 3 | |
| 70-79 | 1 | |
| 80+ | 1 |
Top 25 wildfires (1992+) in the FPA-FOD ignitions database, scaled by acres. 23,467 acres burned in this 50-mile radius. Each dot is a fire — bigger dots burned more land.
| Year | Cause | Acres | Distance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Debris and open burning | 2,950 | 18.5 mi | |
| 2000 | Arson/incendiarism | 2,784 | 31.2 mi | |
| 2000 | Natural | 1,800 | 31.7 mi | |
| 1996 | Recreation and ceremony | 1,540 | 16.8 mi | |
| 2016 | Arson/incendiarism | 1,308 | 25.1 mi | |
| 2000 | Natural | 1,100 | 15.6 mi | |
| 2016 | Recreation and ceremony | 1,066 | 46.4 mi | |
| 2011 | Arson/incendiarism | 919 | 48.9 mi | |
| 1999 | Arson/incendiarism | 890 | 32.3 mi | |
| 1998 | Arson/incendiarism | 700 | 17.4 mi | |
| 1999 | Equipment and vehicle use | 660 | 19.0 mi | |
| 2000 | Arson/incendiarism | 657 | 33.9 mi |
Top 10 ZIP codes by NFIRS incident count across 2021–2025. Each ZIP has its own fire profile — dive in for neighborhood-level context.
Six Alabama cities with population within ±25% of Birmingham. Useful comparison targets — same state, similar size, different fire profile.
4 departments report to NFIRS for incidents in Birmingham.
A 30-minute weekend can cut your home's exposure substantially. These four checklists are a good starting point.
Numbers reflect incidents reported by participating fire departments to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) Public Data Release for calendar year 2025. NFIRS is voluntary — about 23,000 of roughly 30,000 US fire departments report — so totals are a strong indicator, not a complete census. Per-capita comparisons use 2023 ACS population estimates. Wildland fire data complements NFIRS with NIFC and USFS perimeters. Active-fire counts come from a dated NIFC snapshot, not a live feed.