In 2025, fire departments serving Columbia responded to 219 fire and hazmat incidents — from cooking fires to gas leaks to a single $200K building blaze. Here's the full picture.
Grass fire lead by count. Building fires lead by dollars. Together the top five categories make up about 62% of all calls.
Feb peaks. May dips. Watch for the typical fall climb starting in October.
758 incidents 2021–2025. Peak year was 2025. $5.3M cumulative property loss. 1 civilian deaths.
| Year | Incidents | YoY | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 112 | — | |
| 2022* | 41 | — | |
| 2023 | 195 | — | |
| 2024 | 191 | -2.1% | |
| 2025 | 219 | +14.7% |
* Well below Columbia's usual volume. That almost always means one or more departments didn't submit a full year to NFIRS, not that fires dropped, so no year-over-year change is shown for it.
For the 31 building fires Columbia departments responded to in 2025, here's how they were classified once investigators were finished.
NFIRS Area of Origin (AREA_ORIG) for the 363 building fires investigators classified across 2021–2025. The room or location where ignition occurred — kitchens, bedrooms, exterior, vehicle areas — tells you where to focus prevention.
| # | Area of origin | Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Undetermined | 88 | 24.2% | |
| 2 | Wildland, woods | 84 | 23.1% | |
| 3 | Open area - outside; included are farmland, field | 82 | 22.6% | |
| 4 | Engine area, running gear, wheel area | 27 | 7.4% | |
| 5 | Cooking area, kitchen | 18 | 5.0% | |
| 6 | Bedroom - < 5 persons; included are jail or prison | 14 | 3.9% | |
| 7 | Common room, den, family room, living room, lounge | 5 | 1.4% | |
| 8 | Laundry area, wash house (laundry) | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 9 | Cargo/trunk area - all vehicles | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 10 | Outside area, other | 4 | 1.1% | |
| 11 | All other areas | 33 | 9.1% |
NFIRS Heat Source (HEAT_SOURC) — the physical thing that started it. Spark or ember from operating equipment, an open flame, smoking materials, or hot embers from a fireplace are the leading culprits nationwide. Here's the Columbia mix.
| # | Heat source | Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Undetermined | 206 | 56.7% | |
| 2 | Heat from other open flame or smoking materials | 61 | 16.8% | |
| 3 | Arcing | 19 | 5.2% | |
| 4 | Match | 16 | 4.4% | |
| 5 | Heat from powered equipment, other | 13 | 3.6% | |
| 6 | Radiated, conducted heat from operating equipment | 9 | 2.5% | |
| 7 | Cigarette | 8 | 2.2% | |
| 8 | Hot or smoldering object, other | 7 | 1.9% | |
| 9 | Lightning | 6 | 1.7% | |
| 10 | Hot ember or ash | 5 | 1.4% | |
| 11 | All other sources | 13 | 3.6% |
Largest single-incident property losses reported by Columbia departments in 2025. These 8 fires alone account for 91% of the city's annual total.
| # | Property loss | Type | Severity | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $200,000 | Passenger vehicle fire | Significant | Investigated |
| 2 | $200,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 3 | $100,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 4 | $90,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 5 | $60,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 6 | $40,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 7 | $35,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 8 | $28,000 | Passenger vehicle fire | Significant | Investigated |
Per-capita rates let us compare apples to apples. Columbia sits above the national average for incidents per resident.
Top 25 wildfires (1992+) in the FPA-FOD ignitions database, scaled by acres. 55,009 acres burned in this 50-mile radius. Each dot is a fire — bigger dots burned more land.
| Year | Cause | Acres | Distance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 5,717 | 45.3 mi | |
| 2005 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 5,300 | 43.0 mi | |
| 2013 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 3,964 | 41.6 mi | |
| 2020 | Firearms and explosives use | 3,684 | 40.9 mi | |
| 2017 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 3,180 | 43.6 mi | |
| 2014 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 2,857 | 45.0 mi | |
| 2008 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 2,640 | 43.7 mi | |
| 2001 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 2,442 | 44.0 mi | |
| 2008 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 2,354 | 42.2 mi | |
| 2008 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 2,174 | 41.6 mi | |
| 2020 | Arson/incendiarism | 2,135 | 42.4 mi | |
| 2020 | Firearms and explosives use | 2,063 | 44.4 mi |
Top 1 ZIP codes by NFIRS incident count across 2021–2025. Each ZIP has its own fire profile — dive in for neighborhood-level context.
| # | ZIP | 5-yr incidents | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39429 | 758 |
Six Mississippi cities with population within ±25% of Columbia. Useful comparison targets — same state, similar size, different fire profile.
A 30-minute weekend can cut your home's exposure substantially. These four checklists are a good starting point.
Numbers reflect incidents reported by participating fire departments to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) Public Data Release for calendar year 2025. NFIRS is voluntary — about 23,000 of roughly 30,000 US fire departments report — so totals are a strong indicator, not a complete census. Per-capita comparisons use 2023 ACS population estimates. Wildland fire data complements NFIRS with NIFC and USFS perimeters. Active-fire counts come from a dated NIFC snapshot, not a live feed.