In 2025, fire departments serving Madison responded to 178 fire and hazmat incidents — from cooking fires to gas leaks to a single $300K building blaze. Here's the full picture.
Power line down lead by count. Building fires lead by dollars. Together the top five categories make up about 69% of all calls.
Jul peaks. Jan dips. Watch for the typical fall climb starting in October.
776 incidents 2021–2025. Peak year was 2024. $2.0M cumulative property loss.
| Year | Incidents | YoY | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021* | 76 | — | |
| 2022 | 123 | — | |
| 2023 | 94 | -23.6% | |
| 2024 | 305 | +224.5% | |
| 2025 | 178 | -41.6% |
* Well below Madison's usual volume. That almost always means one or more departments didn't submit a full year to NFIRS, not that fires dropped, so no year-over-year change is shown for it.
For the 35 building fires Madison departments responded to in 2025, here's how they were classified once investigators were finished.
NFIRS Area of Origin (AREA_ORIG) for the 75 building fires investigators classified across 2021–2025. The room or location where ignition occurred — kitchens, bedrooms, exterior, vehicle areas — tells you where to focus prevention.
| # | Area of origin | Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Engine area, running gear, wheel area | 16 | 21.3% | |
| 2 | Outside area, other | 9 | 12.0% | |
| 3 | Cooking area, kitchen | 7 | 9.3% | |
| 4 | Highway, parking lot, street: on or near | 7 | 9.3% | |
| 5 | Storage area, other | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 6 | Vehicle storage area; garage, carport | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 7 | Open area - outside; included are farmland, field | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 8 | Undetermined | 3 | 4.0% | |
| 9 | Structural area, other | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 10 | Substructure area or space, crawl space | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 11 | All other areas | 20 | 26.7% |
NFIRS Heat Source (HEAT_SOURC) — the physical thing that started it. Spark or ember from operating equipment, an open flame, smoking materials, or hot embers from a fireplace are the leading culprits nationwide. Here's the Madison mix.
| # | Heat source | Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Undetermined | 36 | 48.0% | |
| 2 | Radiated, conducted heat from operating equipment | 7 | 9.3% | |
| 3 | Heat source: other | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 4 | Heat from powered equipment, other | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 5 | Spark, ember or flame from operating equipment | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 6 | Arcing | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 7 | Cigarette | 4 | 5.3% | |
| 8 | Heat, spark from friction | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 9 | Heat from direct flame, convection currents | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 10 | Flying brand, ember, spark | 2 | 2.7% | |
| 11 | All other sources | 6 | 8.0% |
Largest single-incident property losses reported by Madison departments in 2025. These 8 fires alone account for 100% of the city's annual total.
| # | Property loss | Type | Severity | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $300,000 | Building fires | Major | Investigated |
| 2 | $80,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 3 | $50,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 4 | $20,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 5 | $15,000 | Mobile property (vehicle) fire, other | Significant | Investigated |
| 6 | $13,600 | Passenger vehicle fire | Significant | Investigated |
| 7 | $1,000 | Building fires | Significant | Investigated |
| 8 | $500 | Outside storage fire | Significant | Investigated |
Per-capita rates let us compare apples to apples. Madison sits above the national average for incidents per resident.
Top 3 wildfires (1992+) in the FPA-FOD ignitions database, scaled by acres. 432 acres burned in this 50-mile radius. Each dot is a fire — bigger dots burned more land.
| Year | Cause | Acres | Distance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 400 | 16.6 mi | |
| 2002 | Missing data/not specified/undetermined | 20 | 5.0 mi | |
| 2016 | Debris and open burning | 12 | 48.6 mi |
Top 10 ZIP codes by NFIRS incident count across 2021–2025. Each ZIP has its own fire profile — dive in for neighborhood-level context.
Six Ohio cities with population within ±25% of Madison. Useful comparison targets — same state, similar size, different fire profile.
A 30-minute weekend can cut your home's exposure substantially. These four checklists are a good starting point.
Numbers reflect incidents reported by participating fire departments to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) Public Data Release for calendar year 2025. NFIRS is voluntary — about 23,000 of roughly 30,000 US fire departments report — so totals are a strong indicator, not a complete census. Per-capita comparisons use 2023 ACS population estimates. Wildland fire data complements NFIRS with NIFC and USFS perimeters. Active-fire counts come from a dated NIFC snapshot, not a live feed.